{"id":3583,"date":"2025-04-05T09:16:39","date_gmt":"2025-04-05T09:16:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/?page_id=3583"},"modified":"2025-08-11T09:41:12","modified_gmt":"2025-08-11T09:41:12","slug":"climate-science","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/","title":{"rendered":"climate science"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-container-maxi maxi-block maxi-container-block maxi-dark container-maxi-18de0bbc-u\" id=\"container-maxi-18de0bbc-u\"><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer\"><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__1\"><\/div><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__2\"><\/div><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__3\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-row-maxi maxi-block maxi-row-block maxi-dark row-maxi-2b44aff7-u\" id=\"row-maxi-2b44aff7-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-column-maxi maxi-block maxi-column-block maxi-dark column-maxi-9e0b59c2-u\" id=\"column-maxi-9e0b59c2-u\"><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer\"><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__1\"><\/div><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__2\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-svg-icon-maxi maxi-block maxi-svg-icon-block maxi-dark svg-icon-maxi-35807a9a-u\" id=\"svg-icon-maxi-35807a9a-u\"><div class=\"maxi-svg-icon-block__icon\"><svg class=\"global-warming-7-maxi-svg__36\"   viewBox=\"0 0 64 64\"><style>.global-warming-7-maxi-svg__36 .C{stroke:#081219}.global-warming-7-maxi-svg__36 .D{stroke-width:2}.global-warming-7-maxi-svg__36 .E{stroke-linejoin:round}.global-warming-7-maxi-svg__36 .F{stroke-miterlimit:10}.global-warming-7-maxi-svg__36:hover .C{stroke:#081219}.global-warming-7-maxi-svg__36:hover .D{stroke-width:2}.global-warming-7-maxi-svg__36:hover .E{stroke-linejoin:round}.global-warming-7-maxi-svg__36:hover .F{stroke-miterlimit:10}<\/style><path d=\"M35.208 49.556a9.91 9.91 0 0 1 5.505-8.872V19.831c0-.146.029-.283.043-.425l-3.073 1.229-2.841 3.788 3.788 1.894v3.788l-4.735-.947-2.841-2.841-4.735-.947-2.841-3.788-1.894 2.841-3.788-.947-.947-4.735L19.69 15.9v-2.841l-4.7-2.612C8.624 15.477 4.535 23.259 4.535 32a27.47 27.47 0 0 0 35.737 26.195 9.9 9.9 0 0 1-5.063-8.638zm-11.732-.509l-2.841 2.841.947 2.841-.361 2.527C15.007 54.593 9.993 49.731 7.14 43.602l3.078-3.078h2.841l2.841-3.788 3.788-.947 2.841.947v2.841l.947 2.841-1.894 3.788 1.894 2.841zm22.73-35.041l-1.142 1.427c.018 0 .034-.005.052-.005 2.44 0 4.404 1.964 4.404 4.404v20.862c2.701 1.34 4.585 3.821 5.236 6.687a27.33 27.33 0 0 0 4.708-15.38c0-13.96-10.418-25.479-23.901-27.227 3.532.468 6.95 1.62 10.06 3.404l.583 5.828z\" fill=\"none\" data-stroke class=\"C D E F\"\/><g data-fill fill=\"#ff4a17\" data-stroke class=\"C D E F\"><path d=\"M15.058 10.392a27.46 27.46 0 0 1 12.295-5.457c-4.587.782-8.784 2.701-12.295 5.457z\"\/><path d=\"M19.688 15.9l-2.841 2.841.947 4.735 3.788.947 1.894-2.841 2.841 3.788 4.735.947 2.841 2.841 4.735.947v-3.788l-3.788-1.894 2.841-3.788 3.073-1.229c.214-2.218 2.039-3.946 4.309-3.973l1.142-1.427-.583-5.828c-3.11-1.784-6.528-2.936-10.06-3.404a27.44 27.44 0 0 0-1.638-.163l-.214-.016a27.4 27.4 0 0 0-1.697-.058H32a27.46 27.46 0 0 0-2.119.089l-.311.024a27.51 27.51 0 0 0-2.11.267l-.107.019a27.46 27.46 0 0 0-12.295 5.457c-.024.019-.05.034-.073.053l.003.002 4.7 2.612v2.84zm2.842 23.676v-2.841l-2.841-.947-3.788.947-2.841 3.788h-2.841L7.14 43.601a27.46 27.46 0 0 0 14.082 13.655l.361-2.527-.947-2.841 2.841-2.841-1.894-2.841 1.894-3.788-.947-2.841z\"\/><\/g><path d=\"M49.52 40.693V19.831c0-2.44-1.964-4.404-4.404-4.404-.018 0-.035.005-.052.005-2.269.027-4.095 1.755-4.309 3.973-.014.142-.043.279-.043.425v20.853a9.91 9.91 0 0 0-5.505 8.872 9.9 9.9 0 0 0 5.063 8.638c1.433.806 3.084 1.27 4.845 1.27a9.91 9.91 0 0 0 9.908-9.908 9.86 9.86 0 0 0-.268-2.176c-.651-2.867-2.535-5.347-5.236-6.687zm-4.404 3.359c3.04 0 5.505 2.464 5.505 5.505s-2.465 5.505-5.505 5.505-5.505-2.464-5.505-5.505 2.465-5.505 5.505-5.505z\" fill=\"none\" data-stroke class=\"C D E F\"\/><circle transform=\"matrix(.9966 -.0825 .0825 .9966 -3.9337 3.8901)\" cx=\"45.117\" cy=\"49.556\" r=\"5.505\" data-fill fill=\"#ff4a17\" data-stroke class=\"C D E\"\/><path d=\"M45.319 44.058V21.819\" fill=\"none\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" data-stroke class=\"C D E F\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-dark text-maxi-57af71c2-u\" id=\"text-maxi-57af71c2-u\"><p class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">Climate Science<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-dark text-maxi-1bb5b784-u\" id=\"text-maxi-1bb5b784-u\"><p class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">Advancing climate science through data-driven insights, innovative research, and collaboration to secure a resilient, sustainable future.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-column-maxi maxi-block maxi-column-block maxi-dark column-maxi-177b04eb-u\" id=\"column-maxi-177b04eb-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-dark text-maxi-6dd33dcc-u\" id=\"text-maxi-6dd33dcc-u\"><p class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">Climate Dynamics and Modelling<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-dark text-maxi-c34fceaa-u\" id=\"text-maxi-c34fceaa-u\"><p class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">Join us in shaping a sustainable future.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-container-maxi maxi-block maxi-container-block maxi-light container-maxi-5f95fdee-u\" id=\"container-maxi-5f95fdee-u\"><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer\"><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__1\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-row-maxi maxi-block maxi-row-block maxi-light row-maxi-919ad34b-u\" id=\"row-maxi-919ad34b-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-column-maxi maxi-block maxi-column-block maxi-light column-maxi-b25d7899-u\" id=\"column-maxi-b25d7899-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-light text-maxi-3dc71955-u\" id=\"text-maxi-3dc71955-u\"><h2 class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">Overview<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-light text-maxi-0b4226a4-u\" id=\"text-maxi-0b4226a4-u\"><p class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">While the climate change is global, its manifestation is spatially inhomogeneous regionally. Despite of past efforts, important questions remain unresolved in understanding the climate dynamics of Indian region. The research groups in Centre for Climate Studies choose problems across different scales that are either overlooked or are proving to be the bottleneck in our current understanding of climate.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-container-maxi maxi-block maxi-container-block maxi-light container-maxi-38c0eab4-u\" id=\"container-maxi-38c0eab4-u\"><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer\"><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__1\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-row-maxi maxi-block maxi-row-block maxi-light row-maxi-4fdbacad-u\" id=\"row-maxi-4fdbacad-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-column-maxi maxi-block maxi-column-block maxi-light column-maxi-77aa4d4b-u\" id=\"column-maxi-77aa4d4b-u\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-row-maxi maxi-block maxi-row-block maxi-light row-maxi-e83c71ab-u\" id=\"row-maxi-e83c71ab-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-column-maxi maxi-block maxi-column-block maxi-light column-maxi-fc719865-u\" id=\"column-maxi-fc719865-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-group-maxi maxi-block maxi-group-block maxi-light group-maxi-1a54526e-u\" id=\"group-maxi-1a54526e-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-row-maxi maxi-block maxi-row-block maxi-light row-maxi-9e9fe843-u\" id=\"row-maxi-9e9fe843-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-column-maxi maxi-block maxi-column-block maxi-light column-maxi-fd59050a-u\" id=\"column-maxi-fd59050a-u\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-image-maxi maxi-block maxi-image-block maxi-light image-maxi-800c0f2f-u\" id=\"image-maxi-800c0f2f-u\"><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer\"><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__1\"><\/div><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__2\"><\/div><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__3\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"maxi-hover-preview maxi-image-block-wrapper maxi-image-block-wrapper--fit-parent-size\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"maxi-image-block__image wp-image-3660\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/earth-11015_1280.jpg\" alt=\"earth-11015_1280\" width=\"1249\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/earth-11015_1280.jpg 1249w, https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/earth-11015_1280-293x300.jpg 293w, https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/earth-11015_1280-999x1024.jpg 999w, https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/earth-11015_1280-768x787.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1249px) 100vw, 1249px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-row-maxi maxi-block maxi-row-block maxi-light row-maxi-957fe117-u\" id=\"row-maxi-957fe117-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-column-maxi maxi-block maxi-column-block maxi-light column-maxi-c181d6ae-u\" id=\"column-maxi-c181d6ae-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-group-maxi maxi-block maxi-group-block maxi-light group-maxi-e8bbd746-u\" id=\"group-maxi-e8bbd746-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-divider-maxi maxi-block maxi-divider-block maxi-light divider-maxi-94905657-u maxi-divider-block--horizontal\" id=\"divider-maxi-94905657-u\"><hr class=\"maxi-divider-block__divider\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-light text-maxi-c491a8bd-u\" id=\"text-maxi-c491a8bd-u\"><p class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">Sub-Research Area<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-light text-maxi-e090e455-u\" id=\"text-maxi-e090e455-u\"><h2 class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">Clouds and Monsoon Dynamics<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-light text-maxi-48eb936f-u\" id=\"text-maxi-48eb936f-u\"><p class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">Clouds are proving to be a notoriously hard problem both for monsoon forecasts as well as for climate projections. We study development and growth of different types of clouds and their intricate microphysics to identify their novel dynamics and the role they play in development of storms. We also study mechanisms of multi-scale cloud-circulation coupling to identify and simulate their effect on sub-seasonal monsoon variability.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-group-maxi maxi-block maxi-group-block maxi-light group-maxi-7e1a97ba-u\" id=\"group-maxi-7e1a97ba-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-row-maxi maxi-block maxi-row-block maxi-light row-maxi-8a3643e1-u\" id=\"row-maxi-8a3643e1-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-column-maxi maxi-block maxi-column-block maxi-light column-maxi-9e5ad93f-u\" id=\"column-maxi-9e5ad93f-u\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-image-maxi maxi-block maxi-image-block maxi-light image-maxi-c6b6d488-u\" id=\"image-maxi-c6b6d488-u\"><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer\"><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__1\"><\/div><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__2\"><\/div><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__3\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"maxi-hover-preview maxi-image-block-wrapper maxi-image-block-wrapper--fit-parent-size\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"maxi-image-block__image wp-image-3692\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Gemini_Generated_Image_ekze4iekze4iekze.jpg\" alt=\"Gemini_Generated_Image_ekze4iekze4iekze\" width=\"2048\" height=\"2048\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Gemini_Generated_Image_ekze4iekze4iekze.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Gemini_Generated_Image_ekze4iekze4iekze-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Gemini_Generated_Image_ekze4iekze4iekze-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Gemini_Generated_Image_ekze4iekze4iekze-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Gemini_Generated_Image_ekze4iekze4iekze-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Gemini_Generated_Image_ekze4iekze4iekze-1536x1536.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-row-maxi maxi-block maxi-row-block maxi-light row-maxi-a3dc92f4-u\" id=\"row-maxi-a3dc92f4-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-column-maxi maxi-block maxi-column-block maxi-light column-maxi-5d823c81-u\" id=\"column-maxi-5d823c81-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-group-maxi maxi-block maxi-group-block maxi-light group-maxi-09aea381-u\" id=\"group-maxi-09aea381-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-divider-maxi maxi-block maxi-divider-block maxi-light divider-maxi-82871e98-u maxi-divider-block--horizontal\" id=\"divider-maxi-82871e98-u\"><hr class=\"maxi-divider-block__divider\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-light text-maxi-e83564c5-u\" id=\"text-maxi-e83564c5-u\"><p class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">Sub-Research Area<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-light text-maxi-4a341054-u\" id=\"text-maxi-4a341054-u\"><h2 class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">Ocean dynamics and Mixing<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-light text-maxi-f2a3526a-u\" id=\"text-maxi-f2a3526a-u\"><p class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">The complex interactions between Indian monsoon and conditions in oceans surrounding India have been one of the key missing pieces in better forecasting the seasonal development of monsoons. We have identified the differing role of Arabian sea and Bay of Bengal in monsoon dynamics. The state of the ocean and its vertical structure has an important bearing on ocean dynamics. Our efforts have lead to not only improvement in ocean mixing models but also to our understanding of broader aspects of how rotating convection is modulated by waves and eddies.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-group-maxi maxi-block maxi-group-block maxi-light group-maxi-1c628356-u\" id=\"group-maxi-1c628356-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-row-maxi maxi-block maxi-row-block maxi-light row-maxi-5a8ee8bc-u\" id=\"row-maxi-5a8ee8bc-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-column-maxi maxi-block maxi-column-block maxi-light column-maxi-4cae5df2-u\" id=\"column-maxi-4cae5df2-u\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-image-maxi maxi-block maxi-image-block maxi-light image-maxi-098c76bd-u\" id=\"image-maxi-098c76bd-u\"><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer\"><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__1\"><\/div><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__2\"><\/div><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__3\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"maxi-hover-preview maxi-image-block-wrapper maxi-image-block-wrapper--fit-parent-size\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"maxi-image-block__image wp-image-3701\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ireland-76680_1280.jpg\" alt=\"ireland-76680_1280\" width=\"1100\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ireland-76680_1280.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ireland-76680_1280-258x300.jpg 258w, https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ireland-76680_1280-880x1024.jpg 880w, https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ireland-76680_1280-768x894.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-row-maxi maxi-block maxi-row-block maxi-light row-maxi-45907065-u\" id=\"row-maxi-45907065-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-column-maxi maxi-block maxi-column-block maxi-light column-maxi-c736e522-u\" id=\"column-maxi-c736e522-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-group-maxi maxi-block maxi-group-block maxi-light group-maxi-0e454e83-u\" id=\"group-maxi-0e454e83-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-divider-maxi maxi-block maxi-divider-block maxi-light divider-maxi-a0ac2f86-u maxi-divider-block--horizontal\" id=\"divider-maxi-a0ac2f86-u\"><hr class=\"maxi-divider-block__divider\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-light text-maxi-9b6ed95f-u\" id=\"text-maxi-9b6ed95f-u\"><p class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">Sub-Research Area<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-light text-maxi-bb1796f3-u\" id=\"text-maxi-bb1796f3-u\"><h2 class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">Land-Atmosphere interactions<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-light text-maxi-6d93a3d0-u\" id=\"text-maxi-6d93a3d0-u\"><p class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">For a long time, role of local land-atmosphere interactions on large-scale structure of monsoon was overlooked. For the first time, we showed that the variability in local influences through irrigation and agricultural practices fundamentally affects sub-seasonal and seasonal characteristics of monsoon. Furthermore, the influence of re-cycling of water is non-trivial and in-fact may affect synoptic rainfall events including Cyclones.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-group-maxi maxi-block maxi-group-block maxi-light group-maxi-19229996-u\" id=\"group-maxi-19229996-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-row-maxi maxi-block maxi-row-block maxi-light row-maxi-7e2fff81-u\" id=\"row-maxi-7e2fff81-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-column-maxi maxi-block maxi-column-block maxi-light column-maxi-4fc024c9-u\" id=\"column-maxi-4fc024c9-u\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-image-maxi maxi-block maxi-image-block maxi-light image-maxi-e3f4ecc5-u\" id=\"image-maxi-e3f4ecc5-u\"><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer\"><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__1\"><\/div><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__2\"><\/div><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__3\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"maxi-hover-preview maxi-image-block-wrapper maxi-image-block-wrapper--fit-parent-size\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"maxi-image-block__image wp-image-3703\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/radio-telescopes-6002811_1280.jpg\" alt=\"radio-telescopes-6002811_1280\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/radio-telescopes-6002811_1280.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/radio-telescopes-6002811_1280-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/radio-telescopes-6002811_1280-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/radio-telescopes-6002811_1280-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-row-maxi maxi-block maxi-row-block maxi-light row-maxi-e7cfcf5e-u\" id=\"row-maxi-e7cfcf5e-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-column-maxi maxi-block maxi-column-block maxi-light column-maxi-ac15bda4-u\" id=\"column-maxi-ac15bda4-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-group-maxi maxi-block maxi-group-block maxi-light group-maxi-b8e4a1fe-u\" id=\"group-maxi-b8e4a1fe-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-divider-maxi maxi-block maxi-divider-block maxi-light divider-maxi-d5534bcc-u maxi-divider-block--horizontal\" id=\"divider-maxi-d5534bcc-u\"><hr class=\"maxi-divider-block__divider\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-light text-maxi-727c11a0-u\" id=\"text-maxi-727c11a0-u\"><p class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">Sub-Research Area<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-light text-maxi-fa7f70ee-u\" id=\"text-maxi-fa7f70ee-u\"><h2 class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">Weather and Climate Modeling<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-light text-maxi-03832a6a-u\" id=\"text-maxi-03832a6a-u\"><p class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">The spatial manifestation of global warming and its links to the pattern effects (spatial patterns of surface warming) are not understood well. Our recent work proposed updated estimates of Equilibrium climate sensitivity considering the pattern effects. We also develop simple models to better understand and represent complex climate interactions and temporally evolving patterns of forcings and warming.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-container-maxi maxi-block maxi-container-block maxi-light container-maxi-5a906b34-u\" id=\"container-maxi-5a906b34-u\"><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer\"><div class=\"maxi-background-displayer__layer maxi-background-displayer__1\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-row-maxi maxi-block maxi-row-block maxi-light row-maxi-b89bd12e-u\" id=\"row-maxi-b89bd12e-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-column-maxi maxi-block maxi-column-block maxi-light column-maxi-7b2bc38b-u\" id=\"column-maxi-7b2bc38b-u\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-light text-maxi-a8f3d5df-u\" id=\"text-maxi-a8f3d5df-u\"><h2 class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">Research Groups<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-maxi-blocks-text-maxi maxi-block maxi-text-block maxi-light text-maxi-d45bf9bc-u\" id=\"text-maxi-d45bf9bc-u\"><p class=\"maxi-text-block__content\">Explore faculties working in the field of climate dynamics and modelling<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<p class=\"maxi-block--use-sc\">    <main class=\"core-faculty-page\" style=\"margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0;\">\r\n        <div class=\"students-container\" style=\"margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0;\">\r\n                                    <article class=\"box people-box light-background\">\r\n                            \r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Akshaya_pic-150x150-1.jpg\" alt=\"Akshaya Nikumbh\">\r\n                                <div class=\"box-text-container\">\r\n                                    <h4>Akshaya Nikumbh<\/h4>\r\n                                    <p><i>Assistant Professor<\/i><\/p>\r\n                                    <p>My research interest lies in large-scale atmospheric dynamics, South Asian summer monsoon, and extreme climate. My work focuses on understanding diverse atmospheric phenomena elucidated by atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics.<\/p>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/faculty\/akshaya-nikumbh\/\" class=\"arrow-notch\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"arrow-icon\">\r\n                                        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" fill=\"currentColor\">\r\n                                            <path d=\"M432,320H400a16,16,0,0,0-16,16V448H64V128H208a16,16,0,0,0,16-16V80a16,16,0,0,0-16-16H48A48,48,0,0,0,0,112V464a48,48,0,0,0,48,48H400a48,48,0,0,0,48-48V336A16,16,0,0,0,432,320ZM488,0h-128c-21.37,0-32.05,25.91-17,41l35.73,35.73L135,320.37a24,24,0,0,0,0,34L157.67,377a24,24,0,0,0,34,0L435.28,133.32,471,169c15,15,41,4.5,41-17V24A24,24,0,0,0,488,0Z\"><\/path>\r\n                                        <\/svg>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                <\/a>\r\n                            \r\n                        <\/article>\r\n                                                <article class=\"box people-box light-background\">\r\n                            \r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Angshuman.png\" alt=\"Angshuman Modak\">\r\n                                <div class=\"box-text-container\">\r\n                                    <h4>Angshuman Modak<\/h4>\r\n                                    <p><i>Assistant Professor<\/i><\/p>\r\n                                    <p>My work focuses on understanding how Earth&#039;s climate system responds to various perturbations ranging from natural phenomena to human activities, across global and regional scales, such as India, South-East Asia, the Tropics, and the Arctic.<\/p>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/faculty\/angshuman-modak\/\" class=\"arrow-notch\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"arrow-icon\">\r\n                                        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" fill=\"currentColor\">\r\n                                            <path d=\"M432,320H400a16,16,0,0,0-16,16V448H64V128H208a16,16,0,0,0,16-16V80a16,16,0,0,0-16-16H48A48,48,0,0,0,0,112V464a48,48,0,0,0,48,48H400a48,48,0,0,0,48-48V336A16,16,0,0,0,432,320ZM488,0h-128c-21.37,0-32.05,25.91-17,41l35.73,35.73L135,320.37a24,24,0,0,0,0,34L157.67,377a24,24,0,0,0,34,0L435.28,133.32,471,169c15,15,41,4.5,41-17V24A24,24,0,0,0,488,0Z\"><\/path>\r\n                                        <\/svg>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                <\/a>\r\n                            \r\n                        <\/article>\r\n                                                <article class=\"box people-box light-background\">\r\n                            \r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/citations-150x150-1.jpeg\" alt=\"S. Ravichandran\">\r\n                                <div class=\"box-text-container\">\r\n                                    <h4>S. Ravichandran<\/h4>\r\n                                    <p><i>Assistant Professor<\/i><\/p>\r\n                                    <p>We apply analytical and numerical techniques to study the fluid dynamics of climate processes, ranging from the microphysics of clouds and the convection-driven melting of sea ice to the flow in and around buildings in urban settings.<\/p>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/faculty\/s-ravichandran\/\" class=\"arrow-notch\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"arrow-icon\">\r\n                                        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" fill=\"currentColor\">\r\n                                            <path d=\"M432,320H400a16,16,0,0,0-16,16V448H64V128H208a16,16,0,0,0,16-16V80a16,16,0,0,0-16-16H48A48,48,0,0,0,0,112V464a48,48,0,0,0,48,48H400a48,48,0,0,0,48-48V336A16,16,0,0,0,432,320ZM488,0h-128c-21.37,0-32.05,25.91-17,41l35.73,35.73L135,320.37a24,24,0,0,0,0,34L157.67,377a24,24,0,0,0,34,0L435.28,133.32,471,169c15,15,41,4.5,41-17V24A24,24,0,0,0,488,0Z\"><\/path>\r\n                                        <\/svg>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                <\/a>\r\n                            \r\n                        <\/article>\r\n                                                <article class=\"box people-box light-background\">\r\n                            \r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/profilepic.png\" alt=\"Suyash Bire\">\r\n                                <div class=\"box-text-container\">\r\n                                    <h4>Suyash Bire<\/h4>\r\n                                    <p><i>Assistant Professor<\/i><\/p>\r\n                                    <p>I am a physical oceanographer exploring the role of ocean circulation in climate. I have worked on understanding how small-scale turbulence could influence large-scale ocean circulation.<\/p>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/faculty\/suyash-bire\/\" class=\"arrow-notch\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"arrow-icon\">\r\n                                        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" fill=\"currentColor\">\r\n                                            <path d=\"M432,320H400a16,16,0,0,0-16,16V448H64V128H208a16,16,0,0,0,16-16V80a16,16,0,0,0-16-16H48A48,48,0,0,0,0,112V464a48,48,0,0,0,48,48H400a48,48,0,0,0,48-48V336A16,16,0,0,0,432,320ZM488,0h-128c-21.37,0-32.05,25.91-17,41l35.73,35.73L135,320.37a24,24,0,0,0,0,34L157.67,377a24,24,0,0,0,34,0L435.28,133.32,471,169c15,15,41,4.5,41-17V24A24,24,0,0,0,488,0Z\"><\/path>\r\n                                        <\/svg>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                <\/a>\r\n                            \r\n                        <\/article>\r\n                                                <article class=\"box people-box light-background\">\r\n                            \r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Vishal.jpg\" alt=\"Vishal Dixit\">\r\n                                <div class=\"box-text-container\">\r\n                                    <h4>Vishal Dixit<\/h4>\r\n                                    <p><i>Assistant Professor<\/i><\/p>\r\n                                    <p>Our group works on different aspects of tropical climate dynamics with a special fascination for Monsoon Dynamics. We use satellite and ground based observations to learn about new features of monsoons and then use an army of models (starting from Climate Models ~ 100km grid-boxes to Cloud Resolving Models ~ 1km grid-boxes) to replicate these feature with an aim to ultimately understand the underlying processes.<\/p>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/faculty\/vishal-dixit\/\" class=\"arrow-notch\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"arrow-icon\">\r\n                                        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" fill=\"currentColor\">\r\n                                            <path d=\"M432,320H400a16,16,0,0,0-16,16V448H64V128H208a16,16,0,0,0,16-16V80a16,16,0,0,0-16-16H48A48,48,0,0,0,0,112V464a48,48,0,0,0,48,48H400a48,48,0,0,0,48-48V336A16,16,0,0,0,432,320ZM488,0h-128c-21.37,0-32.05,25.91-17,41l35.73,35.73L135,320.37a24,24,0,0,0,0,34L157.67,377a24,24,0,0,0,34,0L435.28,133.32,471,169c15,15,41,4.5,41-17V24A24,24,0,0,0,488,0Z\"><\/path>\r\n                                        <\/svg>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                <\/a>\r\n                            \r\n                        <\/article>\r\n                                                <article class=\"box people-box light-background\">\r\n                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/associate-faculty\/chandra-venkataraman\/\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/chandra_venkataraman.jpg\" alt=\"Chandra Venkataraman\">\r\n                                <div class=\"box-text-container\">\r\n                                    <h4>Chandra Venkataraman<\/h4>\r\n                                    <p><i>Professor<\/i><\/p>\r\n                                    <p>Prof. Chandra Venkataraman is a leading aerosol scientist at IIT Bombay, specializing in climate science, air quality, and nanoparticle engineering for drug delivery. She has authored over 150 publications, led major research networks like COALESCE and PAVITRA, and contributed to global policy through roles with UNEP and the Global Burden of Disease group.<\/p>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"arrow-notch\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"arrow-icon\">\r\n                                        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" fill=\"currentColor\">\r\n                                            <path d=\"M432,320H400a16,16,0,0,0-16,16V448H64V128H208a16,16,0,0,0,16-16V80a16,16,0,0,0-16-16H48A48,48,0,0,0,0,112V464a48,48,0,0,0,48,48H400a48,48,0,0,0,48-48V336A16,16,0,0,0,432,320ZM488,0h-128c-21.37,0-32.05,25.91-17,41l35.73,35.73L135,320.37a24,24,0,0,0,0,34L157.67,377a24,24,0,0,0,34,0L435.28,133.32,471,169c15,15,41,4.5,41-17V24A24,24,0,0,0,488,0Z\"><\/path>\r\n                                        <\/svg>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                    \r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/a>\r\n                        <\/article>\r\n                                                <article class=\"box people-box light-background\">\r\n                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/associate-faculty\/raaj-ramsankaran\/\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/raaj_ramsankaran.jpeg\" alt=\"RAAJ Ramsankaran\">\r\n                                <div class=\"box-text-container\">\r\n                                    <h4>RAAJ Ramsankaran<\/h4>\r\n                                    <p><i>Professor<\/i><\/p>\r\n                                    <p>We the Hydro-Remote Sensing Applications (H-RSA) Group led by Dr. RAAJ Ramsankaran mainly focus on the use of satellite, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and aerial remote sensing measurements to study various aspects of water cycle.<\/p>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"arrow-notch\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"arrow-icon\">\r\n                                        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" fill=\"currentColor\">\r\n                                            <path d=\"M432,320H400a16,16,0,0,0-16,16V448H64V128H208a16,16,0,0,0,16-16V80a16,16,0,0,0-16-16H48A48,48,0,0,0,0,112V464a48,48,0,0,0,48,48H400a48,48,0,0,0,48-48V336A16,16,0,0,0,432,320ZM488,0h-128c-21.37,0-32.05,25.91-17,41l35.73,35.73L135,320.37a24,24,0,0,0,0,34L157.67,377a24,24,0,0,0,34,0L435.28,133.32,471,169c15,15,41,4.5,41-17V24A24,24,0,0,0,488,0Z\"><\/path>\r\n                                        <\/svg>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                    \r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/a>\r\n                        <\/article>\r\n                                                <article class=\"box people-box light-background\">\r\n                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/associate-faculty\/sridhar-balasubramanian\/\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/sridhar_balasubramanian.jpeg\" alt=\"Sridhar Balasubramanian\">\r\n                                <div class=\"box-text-container\">\r\n                                    <h4>Sridhar Balasubramanian<\/h4>\r\n                                    <p><i>Professor<\/i><\/p>\r\n                                    <p>TBU<\/p>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"arrow-notch\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"arrow-icon\">\r\n                                        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" fill=\"currentColor\">\r\n                                            <path d=\"M432,320H400a16,16,0,0,0-16,16V448H64V128H208a16,16,0,0,0,16-16V80a16,16,0,0,0-16-16H48A48,48,0,0,0,0,112V464a48,48,0,0,0,48,48H400a48,48,0,0,0,48-48V336A16,16,0,0,0,432,320ZM488,0h-128c-21.37,0-32.05,25.91-17,41l35.73,35.73L135,320.37a24,24,0,0,0,0,34L157.67,377a24,24,0,0,0,34,0L435.28,133.32,471,169c15,15,41,4.5,41-17V24A24,24,0,0,0,488,0Z\"><\/path>\r\n                                        <\/svg>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                    \r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/a>\r\n                        <\/article>\r\n                                                <article class=\"box people-box light-background\">\r\n                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/associate-faculty\/subhankar-karmakar\/\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/subhankar_karmakar.jpeg\" alt=\"Subhankar Karmakar\">\r\n                                <div class=\"box-text-container\">\r\n                                    <h4>Subhankar Karmakar<\/h4>\r\n                                    <p><i>Professor\u200b<\/i><\/p>\r\n                                    <p>TBU<\/p>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"arrow-notch\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"arrow-icon\">\r\n                                        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" fill=\"currentColor\">\r\n                                            <path d=\"M432,320H400a16,16,0,0,0-16,16V448H64V128H208a16,16,0,0,0,16-16V80a16,16,0,0,0-16-16H48A48,48,0,0,0,0,112V464a48,48,0,0,0,48,48H400a48,48,0,0,0,48-48V336A16,16,0,0,0,432,320ZM488,0h-128c-21.37,0-32.05,25.91-17,41l35.73,35.73L135,320.37a24,24,0,0,0,0,34L157.67,377a24,24,0,0,0,34,0L435.28,133.32,471,169c15,15,41,4.5,41-17V24A24,24,0,0,0,488,0Z\"><\/path>\r\n                                        <\/svg>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                    \r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/a>\r\n                        <\/article>\r\n                                                <article class=\"box people-box light-background\">\r\n                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/associate-faculty\/subimal-ghosh\/\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/bb530229e67b0392c99b063387ad4621.jpeg\" alt=\"Subimal Ghosh\">\r\n                                <div class=\"box-text-container\">\r\n                                    <h4>Subimal Ghosh<\/h4>\r\n                                    <p><i>Professor<\/i><\/p>\r\n                                    <p>Our research group works on advancing the understanding and modeling of hydro-climatic processes, with a focus on the Indian monsoon. We explore the interactions between the atmosphere and land surface, develop regional and statistical modeling techniques, and assess the impacts of climate change on water resources.<\/p>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"arrow-notch\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"arrow-icon\">\r\n                                        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" fill=\"currentColor\">\r\n                                            <path d=\"M432,320H400a16,16,0,0,0-16,16V448H64V128H208a16,16,0,0,0,16-16V80a16,16,0,0,0-16-16H48A48,48,0,0,0,0,112V464a48,48,0,0,0,48,48H400a48,48,0,0,0,48-48V336A16,16,0,0,0,432,320ZM488,0h-128c-21.37,0-32.05,25.91-17,41l35.73,35.73L135,320.37a24,24,0,0,0,0,34L157.67,377a24,24,0,0,0,34,0L435.28,133.32,471,169c15,15,41,4.5,41-17V24A24,24,0,0,0,488,0Z\"><\/path>\r\n                                        <\/svg>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                    \r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/a>\r\n                        <\/article>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n    <\/main>\r\n    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3583","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>climate science | Centre for Climate Studies, IIT Bombay<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"climate science is a faculty member at the Centre for Climate Studies, IIT Bombay. Explore research, publications, and profile details.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"climate science | Centre for Climate Studies, IIT Bombay\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"climate science is a faculty member at the Centre for Climate Studies, IIT Bombay. Explore research, publications, and profile details.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Centre for Climate Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IITBclimate\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-11T09:41:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/earth-11015_1280.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ClimateIITB\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/\",\"name\":\"climate science | Centre for Climate Studies, IIT Bombay\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/earth-11015_1280.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-05T09:16:39+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-08-11T09:41:12+00:00\",\"description\":\"climate science is a faculty member at the Centre for Climate Studies, IIT Bombay. Explore research, publications, and profile details.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/earth-11015_1280.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/earth-11015_1280.jpg\",\"width\":1249,\"height\":1280},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"climate science\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/\",\"name\":\"Centre for Climate Studies\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Centre for Climate Studies\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ccs_logo-1.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ccs_logo-1.svg\",\"width\":2231,\"height\":1147,\"caption\":\"Centre for Climate Studies\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IITBclimate\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/ClimateIITB\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@IDPinClimateStudiesIITBombay\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"climate science | Centre for Climate Studies, IIT Bombay","description":"climate science is a faculty member at the Centre for Climate Studies, IIT Bombay. Explore research, publications, and profile details.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"climate science | Centre for Climate Studies, IIT Bombay","og_description":"climate science is a faculty member at the Centre for Climate Studies, IIT Bombay. Explore research, publications, and profile details.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/","og_site_name":"Centre for Climate Studies","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IITBclimate\/","article_modified_time":"2025-08-11T09:41:12+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/earth-11015_1280.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@ClimateIITB","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/","url":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/","name":"climate science | Centre for Climate Studies, IIT Bombay","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/earth-11015_1280.jpg","datePublished":"2025-04-05T09:16:39+00:00","dateModified":"2025-08-11T09:41:12+00:00","description":"climate science is a faculty member at the Centre for Climate Studies, IIT Bombay. Explore research, publications, and profile details.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/earth-11015_1280.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/earth-11015_1280.jpg","width":1249,"height":1280},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/climate-science\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"climate science"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/","name":"Centre for Climate Studies","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/#organization","name":"Centre for Climate Studies","url":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ccs_logo-1.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ccs_logo-1.svg","width":2231,"height":1147,"caption":"Centre for Climate Studies"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IITBclimate\/","https:\/\/x.com\/ClimateIITB","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@IDPinClimateStudiesIITBombay"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3583","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3583"}],"version-history":[{"count":86,"href":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3583\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5791,"href":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3583\/revisions\/5791"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.climate.iitb.ac.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3583"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}